Fig. 4

Overlap of sex differences in gene expression to postmortem case–control differences and disease gene sets. A Diagram showing comparisons made (top). Autism significantly up- and down-regulated genes sets from case–control studies overlapped with GTEx cortex male and female DEGs (bottom). B Diagram outlining general comparisons as in A (top). GTEx cortex male and female DEGs overlapped with male, female and sex agnostic Alzheimer's up and downregulated genes sets from cortical samples (bottom). C Diagram as in A, B (top). GWAS Alzheimer’s and autism/ADHD risk loci overlapped with male and female DEGs, shows no significant enrichment (bottom). D Male DE microRNAs targets found in GWAS Alzheimer’s risk genes sets. E Diagram showing various dataset overlapping performed (right). Autism risk genes from SFARI genescore 1 both including and excluding allosomal genes, shows significant male enrichment in the cortex (left). F Scatterplot displaying the relationship between the logFCs of case–control data (y-axes, Autism—left and representative Alzheimer’s—right) and our sex DEG analysis (x-axes). Regression lines are shown in green and Pearson’s R values are displayed in the top right corner of each graph. If no genes overlap, then the odds ratio is 0