Fig. 3

RNA-seq sex differences and correlation to DNA methylation. A, B Volcano plots for RNA-seq sex differences in placenta, with dashed lines at P = 0.05 and FDR = 0.05 (these lines overlap in A due to the y-axis range). C Violin plots comparing female and male gene expression: log2(baseMeans) adjusted for batch. Horizontal lines indicate the mean. Sex differences: *P < 0.05, **FDR < 0.05. D Manhattan plot of correlation results with the overlapping cohort (n = 51), comparing gene expression (“expr”) to DNA methylation (“methyl”). Each point is a probe. Probes located in the same gene are grouped with rectangles. Non-significant (“NS”, RNA-seq P ≥ 0.05) genes are semi-transparent. Magenta color highlights three genes with correlation FDR < 0.05 and RNA-seq FDR < 0.05 (FAM228A, ZNF300 and CSMD1)