Embracing sex-specific differences in engineered kidney models for enhanced biological understanding of kidney function

Table 3 Sex hormone receptors in the human kidney

Sex	Species	Receptor type	Localization	F vs M	References
M	Human	ERα, ERβ	Interstitial cells, collecting duct	–	[82]
F & M		ERβ	Cortex > Medulla, Convoluted PT	–
F & M		PgR B	Medulla > Cortex, Glomerulus, distal tubule, interstitium (nuclei)	F = M
F & M		AR	–	F < M
F & M		AR	Distal tubule	–
F &M		AR	–	F < M	[83, 84]
F & M		AR	–	F = M	[83]
F & M	Rats	ERα	–	F < M	[85]
F & M	Mouse	AR	–	F = M	[86, 87]

Receptor type, localization within the kidney, and relative distribution between males and females are marked. Male sex is denoted as M, female sex as F. Estrogen receptors alpha and beta, progesterone receptors, and androgen receptors are denoted as ER, PgR, and AR respectively

ISSN: 2042-6410