Fig. 1

Effects of sex, APOE genotype, and metformin on cognitive performances in aged mice. (A-C) Number of platform-position crossings (A), time in the target quadrant (B), and escape latency during day 6 (C) of the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test of the 18-month-old apoE-TR male and female mice treated with normal saline (NS) and metformin (Met). (D) Swimming speed in day 6 of the MWM test. n = 12–15/ group. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. Three-way ANOVA was used to calculate statistical significance. * P < 0.05 for male vs. female, # P < 0.05, ## P < 0.01 for apoE3 vs. apoE4, $ P < 0.05 for normal saline vs. metformin