Fig. 1

DR stimulation reduces physiological cytokine secretion and activation marker expression of monocytes from women compared to men. A, B IL8 (A) and MCP1 (B) levels in supernatant from PBMCs of women and men after 24 h in cell culture, with and without in vitro stimulation by A68930 (A, 10^–7 M) or Ropinirole (R, 10^–6 M) measured via ELISA; n = 11–13 per group; normalized to unstimulated control. Basal levels are presented in Supplementary Fig. 2A and B. C, D Percentage of IL8⁺ (C) and MCP1⁺ (D) B cells, monocytes, T cells, and NK cells after 24 h in culture without stimulation measured via flow cytometry; n = 5 per subtype. E, F IL8 (E) and MCP1 (F) levels in supernatant from mixed PBMCs and CD14⁺ monocyte-depleted PBMCs after 24 h in culture without stimulation measured via ELISA; n = 11–13 per condition. G, H Percentage of CD69⁺ monocytes (G) and expression of HLA-DR on monocytes (H) from women and men after 24 h in culture of mixed PBMCs, with and without stimulation by A68930 (A, 10^–7 M) or Ropinirole (R, 10^–6 M) measured via flow cytometry; n = 13–14 per group; normalized to unstimulated control. Basal levels are presented in Supplementary Fig. 2G and H. Mann–Whitney test was used for comparing unpaired data of women and men, and Wilcoxon test for comparing paired data including unstimulated vs. stimulated samples as well as mixed PBMCs vs. monocytes depleted PBMCs; *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001