Fig. 7

Time course response to HFD of hypothalamic neuropeptide gene expressions involved in food intake regulation. A-F Graphs show the fold changes of mRNA transcript levels encoding orexigenic neuropeptides with neuropeptide Y (Npy), agouti-related peptide (Agrp), anorexigenic neuropeptides with pro-opiomelanocortin (Pomc), the melanocortin-4 receptor (Mc4r) as well as the corticotropin-releasing hormone (Crh) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf) of HFD male and HFD female mice (blue and pink bars, respectively) compared to the mean of their respective control group (Log10 (HFD/SD)) after 3, 7, 14 and 28 days (d3, d7, d14, d28, experiment 2, n = 6/group). All mRNA species were quantified relative to Gapdh and β-actin housekeeping gene expression. Raw data were first compared with mixed-effect analysis (sex x HFD x time) followed by Tukey post hoc tests (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 SD vs HFD; #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, ###p < 0.001, ####p < 0.0001 male HFD vs female HFD). In each graph, significant diet, sex, time and interaction effects are shown by bold and underlined text (HFD, sex, time, int). Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM)