Fig. 5

Changes in gastric microbiota in male and female mice after 7 months of H. pylori infection. Alpha diversity of gastric microbiota measured by Chao (A) and Shannon (B) indexes. Bar plots showing the mean relative abundances of the top 5 phyla (C) and 20 genera (D). E PCoA plot based on OTU-level Bray–Curtis dissimilarity showing the separation of gastric samples. LEfSe analysis was conducted to identify the bacteria with differential abundance between males and females with (G) and without (F) infection. F_Con_G_7M, gastric samples from females without infection at 7 months. n = 6–9/group. N represented the number of mice. F_Hp_G_7M, gastric samples from females following 7 months infection. M_Con_G_7M, gastric samples from males without infection at 7 months. M_Hp_G_7M, gastric samples from males following 7 months infection