Fig. 3

Discovery newborn blood DMRs display female protective effect. (A) PCA models reflecting different theories for sex differences in ASD. PCA of smooth methylation values in discovery newborn blood samples over DMRs from (B) TD female vs. TD male comparison and (C) ASD female vs. ASD male comparison. (D) UpSet Plot of autosomal DMRs intersected by gene name. (E) Bar plot of ASD female vs. TD male and TD female vs. ASD male comparisons, showing proportion of autosomal DMR genes that were also called as an autosomal DMR gene in the ASD female vs. ASD male comparison. (F) Heatmap showing enrichment on the X chromosome from ASD vs. TD DMRs identified from discovery and replication newborn blood females and males. *q < 0.05