Fig. 1
From: Sex differences in bladder cancer: understanding biological and clinical implications
Bladder cancer grade and stage determine treatment options available to patients. Individual patient factors, preferences, and physician recommendations influence the final therapy choice. BCG, Bacillus-Calmette Guerin intravesical immunotherapy. Immunotherapy on the lower right refers to systemic treatments such as immune checkpoint inhibitors. The class of systemic bladder cancer drugs known as antibody drug conjugates can be considered a hybrid of systemic chemotherapy/immunotherapy approaches